推拉

总览

推拉式并非是最简单的集成方法，但它是最可靠的方法，这就是为什么我们推荐实施这种方法，尤其是当您处理大量数据时。

推拉式是一种异步集成方法。这意味着，提交作业后，我们将迅速返回一个包含作业信息（所有提交的作业参数和作业 ID，以及用于下载结果和检查作业状态的 URL）的 JSON。通过这种集成方法，作业提交过程完全独立于下载结果。

在我们处理完您的作业之后，如果您在提交作业时提供了一个回调 URL，我们将 POST 一个包含更新作业信息的 JSON 有效载荷（包括作业的 status 设置为 done）到您的服务器。此时，您可以继续从我们的系统中下载结果。我们将结果保留在完成后至少 24 小时 内可供检索。

通过推拉式，您可以将您的结果直接上传到您的云存储 （AWS S3 或 Google 云存储）。

注意：如果您不想麻烦地设置一个接受传入回调通知的服务，则可以尝试每隔几秒钟就得到您的结果（这个概念叫做轮询）.

您也可以尝试通过 Postman 了解推拉式的工作原理。

单一作业

描述

下面这个端点只接受一个 query 或 url 值。

端点

POST https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries

输入

您必须以 JSON 有效载荷发送您的作业参数，如以下代码示例所示:

curl --user user:pass1 \
'https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries' \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
 -d '{"source": "ENTER_SOURCE_HERE", "url": "https://www.example.com", "geo_location": "United States", "callback_url": "https://your.callback.url", "storage_type": "s3", "storage_url": "s3://your.storage.bucket.url"}'

import requests
from pprint import pprint


# Structure payload.
payload = {
    "source": "ENTER_SOURCE_HERE", # Source you choose e.g. "universal"
    "url": "https://www.example.com", # Check speficic source if you should use "url" or "query"
    "geo_location": "United States", # Some sources accept zip-code or cooprdinates
    #"render" : "html", # Uncomment you want to render JavaScript within the page
    #"parse" : true, # Check what sources support parsed data
    #"callback_url": "https://your.callback.url", #required if using callback listener
    "callback_url": "https://your.callback.url",
    "storage_type": "s3", 
    "storage_url": "s3://your.storage.bucket.url"
}

# Get response.
response = requests.request(
    'POST',
    'https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries',
    auth=('YOUR_USERNAME', 'YOUR_PASSWORD'), #Your credentials go here
    json=payload,
)

# Print prettified response to stdout.
pprint(response.json())

<?php

$params = array(
    'source' => 'ENTER_SOURCE_HERE', //Source you choose e.g. "universal"
    'url' => 'https://www.example.com', // Check speficic source if you should use "url" or "query"
    'geo_location' => 'United States', //Some sources accept zip-code or cooprdinates
    //'render' : 'html', // Uncomment you want to render JavaScript within the page
    //'parse' : TRUE, // Check what sources support parsed data
    //'callback_url' => 'https://your.callback.url', //required if using callback listener
    'callback_url': 'https://your.callback.url',
    'storage_type' => 's3',
    'storage_url' => 's3://your.storage.bucket.url'
);

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($params));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "YOUR_USERNAME" . ":" . "YOUR_PASSWORD"); //Your credentials go here

$headers = array();
$headers[] = "Content-Type: application/json";
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);

$result = curl_exec($ch);
echo $result;

if (curl_errno($ch)) {
    echo 'Error:' . curl_error($ch);
}
curl_close ($ch);
?>

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OxyApi
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main()
        {
            const string Username = "YOUR_USERNAME";
            const string Password = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

            var parameters = new Dictionary<string, string>()
            {
                { "source", "ENTER_SOURCE_HERE" },
                { "url", "https://example.com" },
                { "geo_location", "United States" },
                { "callback_url", "https://your.callback.url" },
            };


            var client = new HttpClient();

            Uri baseUri = new Uri("https://data.oxylabs.io");
            client.BaseAddress = baseUri;

            var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "/v1/queries");
            requestMessage.Content = JsonContent.Create(parameters);

            var authenticationString = $"{Username}:{Password}";
            var base64EncodedAuthenticationString = Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(authenticationString));
            requestMessage.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + base64EncodedAuthenticationString);

            var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);
            var contents = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            Console.WriteLine(contents);
        }
    }
}

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	const Username = "YOUR_USERNAME"
	const Password = "YOUR_PASSWORD"

	payload := map[string]string{
		"source": "ENTER_SOURCE_HERE",
		"url": "https://example.com",
		"geo_location": "United States",
		"callback_url": "https://your.callback.url",
	}

	jsonValue, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	client := &http.Client{}
	request, _ := http.NewRequest("POST",
		"https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries",
		bytes.NewBuffer(jsonValue),
	)

	request.Header.Add("Content-type", "application/json")
	request.SetBasicAuth(Username, Password)
	response, _ := client.Do(request)

	responseText, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(responseText))
}

import okhttp3.*;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";
    public static final String USERNAME = "YOUR_USERNAME";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

    public void run() {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("source", "ENTER_SOURCE_HERE");
        jsonObject.put("url", "https://example.com");
        jsonObject.put("geo_location", "United States");
        jsonObject.put("callback_url", "https://your.callback.url");

        Authenticator authenticator = (route, response) -> {
            String credential = Credentials.basic(USERNAME, PASSWORD);

            return response
                    .request()
                    .newBuilder()
                    .header(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, credential)
                    .build();
        };

        var client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .authenticator(authenticator)
                .build();

        var mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        var body = RequestBody.create(jsonObject.toString(), mediaType);
        var request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries")
                .post(body)
                .build();

        try (var response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            assert response.body() != null;
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + exception.getMessage());
        }

        System.exit(0);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Main()).start();
    }
}

import fetch from 'node-fetch';

const username = 'YOUR_USERNAME';
const password = 'YOUR_PASSWORD';
const body = {
  source: 'ENTER_SOURCE_HERE',
  url: 'https://www.example.com',
  geo_location: 'United States',
  callback_url: 'https://your.callback.url',
};
const response = await fetch('https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries', {
  method: 'post',
  body: JSON.stringify(body),
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': 'Basic ' + Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString('base64'),
  }
});

console.log(await response.json());

输出

API 将响应一个包含作业信息的 JSON，具体如下：

{
  "callback_url": "https://your.callback.url",
  "client_id": 5,
  "context": [
    {
      "key": "results_language",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "safe_search",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "tbm",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "cr",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "filter",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "created_at": "2019-10-01 00:00:01",
  "domain": "com",
  "geo_location": "United States",
  "id": "12345678900987654321",
  "limit": 10,
  "locale": null,
  "pages": 1,
  "parse": false,
  "render": null,
  "url": "https://www.example.com",
  "source": "universal",
  "start_page": 1,
  "status": "pending",
  "storage_type": "s3",
  "storage_url": "YOUR_BUCKET_NAME/12345678900987654321.json",
  "subdomain": "www",
  "updated_at": "2019-10-01 00:00:01",
  "user_agent_type": "desktop",
  "_links": [
    {
      "rel": "self",
      "href": "http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321",
      "method": "GET"
    },
    {
      "rel": "results",
      "href": "http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321/results",
      "method": "GET"
    }
  ]
}

检查作业状态

描述

如果您在提交作业时包含一个有效的 callback_url 值。完成作业后，我们将POST 一个 JSON 有效载荷到您指定的回调 URL。JSON 有效载荷将表明作业已经完成，其状态设置为done。

然而，如果您提交的作业没有callback_url，则可以自己检查作业状态。要做到这一点，使用 rel:self 中的 href URL，取自您提交作业后收到的响应信息。

检查作业状态的 URL 看起来与此类似：http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321。查询这个 URL 将返回作业信息，包括其status。

可能的 status 值共有 3 种：

端点

GET https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/{id}

输入

curl --user user:pass1 \
'http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321'

import requests
from pprint import pprint

# Get response from stats endpoint.
response = requests.request(
    method='GET',
    url='http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321',
    auth=('user', 'pass1'),
)

# Print prettified JSON response to stdout.
pprint(response.json())

<?php

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "GET");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "user" . ":" . "pass1");

$result = curl_exec($ch);
echo $result;

if (curl_errno($ch)) {
    echo 'Error:' . curl_error($ch);
}
curl_close ($ch);
?>

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OxyApi
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main()
        {
            const string JobId = "12345678900987654321";
            const string Username = "YOUR_USERNAME";
            const string Password = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

            var client = new HttpClient();

            Uri baseUri = new Uri("https://data.oxylabs.io");
            client.BaseAddress = baseUri;

            var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, $"/v1/queries/{JobId}");

            var authenticationString = $"{Username}:{Password}";
            var base64EncodedAuthenticationString = Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(authenticationString));
            requestMessage.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + base64EncodedAuthenticationString);

            var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);
            var contents = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            Console.WriteLine(contents);
        }
    }
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	const JobId = "12345678900987654321"
	const Username = "YOUR_USERNAME"
	const Password = "YOUR_PASSWORD"

	client := &http.Client{}
	request, _ := http.NewRequest("GET",
		fmt.Sprintf("https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/%s", JobId),
		nil,
	)

	request.Header.Add("Content-type", "application/json")
	request.SetBasicAuth(Username, Password)
	response, _ := client.Do(request)

	responseText, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(responseText))
}

import okhttp3.*;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";
    private static final String JOB_ID = "12345678900987654321";
    public static final String USERNAME = "YOUR_USERNAME";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

    public void run() {
        Authenticator authenticator = (route, response) -> {
            String credential = Credentials.basic(USERNAME, PASSWORD);

            return response
                    .request()
                    .newBuilder()
                    .header(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, credential)
                    .build();
        };

        var client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .authenticator(authenticator)
                .build();

        var request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(String.format("https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/%s", JOB_ID))
                .get()
                .build();

        try (var response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            assert response.body() != null;
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + exception.getMessage());
        }

        System.exit(0);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Main()).start();
    }
}

import fetch from 'node-fetch';

const jobId = '12345678900987654321';
const username = 'YOUR_USERNAME';
const password = 'YOUR_PASSWORD';
const response = await fetch(`https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/${jobId}`, {
  method: 'get',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': 'Basic ' + Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString('base64'),
  }
});

console.log(await response.json());

输出

{
  "client_id": 5,
  "context": [
    {
      "key": "results_language",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "safe_search",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "tbm",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "cr",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "key": "filter",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "created_at": "2019-10-01 00:00:01",
  "domain": "com",
  "geo_location": null,
  "id": "12345678900987654321",
  "limit": 10,
  "locale": null,
  "pages": 1,
  "parse": false,
  "render": null,
  "query": "adidas",
  "source": "google_shopping_search",
  "start_page": 1,
  "status": "done",
  "subdomain": "www",
  "updated_at": "2019-10-01 00:00:15",
  "user_agent_type": "desktop",
  "_links": [
    {
      "rel": "self",
      "href": "http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321",
      "method": "GET"
    },
    {
      "rel": "results",
      "href": "http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321/results",
      "method": "GET"
    }
  ]
}

API 将通过在响应主体中打印 JSON 格式响应查询信息。请注意，作业状态已被改变为status。您现在可以通过向 http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321/results 发送查询来检索内容。您还可以看到，该作业 updated_at 2019-10-01 00:00:15 - 作业花了 14 秒完成。

检索作业内容

描述

在知道可以准备检索作业后，您便可使用作业信息响应 rel:results 中的 href URL 来进行 GET。结果链接看起来像这样：http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321/results。

通过设置回调服务，无需定期检查作业状态即可自动检索结果。要做到这一点，在提交作业时指定一个能够接受传入 HTTP 请求的服务器的 URL。当我们的系统完成作业时，它将寄送 一个 JSON 有效载荷到所提供的 URL，而回调服务将下载结果，正如在回调执行示例所示。

端点

GET https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/{id}/results

输入

以下代码示例展示了如何使用/results端点。

curl --user user:pass1 \
'http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321/results'

import requests
from pprint import pprint

# Get response from stats endpoint.
response = requests.request(
    method='GET',
    url='http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321/results',
    auth=('user', 'pass1'),
)

# Print prettified JSON response to stdout.
pprint(response.json())

<?php

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/12345678900987654321/results");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "GET");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "user" . ":" . "pass1");

$result = curl_exec($ch);
echo $result;

if (curl_errno($ch)) {
    echo 'Error:' . curl_error($ch);
}
curl_close ($ch);
?>

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OxyApi
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main()
        {
            const string JobId = "12345678900987654321";
            const string Username = "YOUR_USERNAME";
            const string Password = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

            var client = new HttpClient();

            Uri baseUri = new Uri("https://data.oxylabs.io");
            client.BaseAddress = baseUri;

            var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, $"/v1/queries/{JobId}/results");

            var authenticationString = $"{Username}:{Password}";
            var base64EncodedAuthenticationString = Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(authenticationString));
            requestMessage.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + base64EncodedAuthenticationString);

            var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);
            var contents = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            Console.WriteLine(contents);
        }
    }
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	const JobId = "12345678900987654321"
	const Username = "YOUR_USERNAME"
	const Password = "YOUR_PASSWORD"

	client := &http.Client{}
	request, _ := http.NewRequest("GET",
		fmt.Sprintf("https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/%s/results", JobId),
		nil,
	)

	request.Header.Add("Content-type", "application/json")
	request.SetBasicAuth(Username, Password)
	response, _ := client.Do(request)

	responseText, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(responseText))
}

import okhttp3.*;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";
    private static final String JOB_ID = "12345678900987654321";
    public static final String USERNAME = "YOUR_USERNAME";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

    public void run() {
        Authenticator authenticator = (route, response) -> {
            String credential = Credentials.basic(USERNAME, PASSWORD);

            return response
                    .request()
                    .newBuilder()
                    .header(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, credential)
                    .build();
        };

        var client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .authenticator(authenticator)
                .build();

        var request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(String.format("https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/%s/results", JOB_ID))
                .get()
                .build();

        try (var response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            assert response.body() != null;
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + exception.getMessage());
        }

        System.exit(0);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Main()).start();
    }
}

import fetch from 'node-fetch';

const jobId = '12345678900987654321';
const username = 'YOUR_USERNAME';
const password = 'YOUR_PASSWORD';
const response = await fetch(`https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/${jobId}/results`, {
  method: 'get',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': 'Basic ' + Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString('base64'),
  }
});

console.log(await response.json());

输出

下面的 JSON 文件包含了一个 /results 端点的响应示例：

{
  "results": [
    {
      "content": "<!doctype html><html>
        CONTENT      
      </html>",
      "created_at": "2019-10-01 00:00:01",
      "updated_at": "2019-10-01 00:00:15",
      "page": 1,
      "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=adidas&hl=en&gl=US",
      "job_id": "12345678900987654321",
      "status_code": 200
    }
  ]
}

回调

该回调是一个我们向您的机器发送的 POST 请求，通知您数据提取任务已经完成，并提供一个 URL 来下载抓取的内容。这意味着，您不再需要手动检查作业状态 。一旦数据到手，我们会通知您，您现在需要做的就是进行检索 。请查看 Python 和 PHP 的代码样本。

# This is a simple Sanic web server with a route listening for callbacks on localhost:8080.
# It will print job results to stdout.
import requests
from pprint import pprint
from sanic import Sanic, response


AUTH_TUPLE = ('user', 'pass1')

app = Sanic()


# Define /job_listener endpoint that accepts POST requests.
@app.route('/job_listener', methods=['POST'])
async def job_listener(request):
    try:
        res = request.json
        links = res.get('_links', [])
        for link in links:
            if link['rel'] == 'results':
                # Sanic is async, but requests are synchronous, to fully take
                # advantage of Sanic, use aiohttp.
                res_response = requests.request(
                    method='GET',
                    url=link['href'],
                    auth=AUTH_TUPLE,
                )
                pprint(res_response.json())
                break
    except Exception as e:
        print("Listener exception: {}".format(e))
    return response.json(status=200, body={'status': 'ok'})


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)

<?php
$stdout = fopen('php://stdout', 'w');

if (isset($_POST)) {
    $result = array_merge($_POST, (array) json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input')));

    $ch = curl_init();

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://data.oxylabs.io/v1/queries/".$result['id'].'/results');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "GET");
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "user" . ":" . "pass1");

    $result = curl_exec($ch);
    fwrite($stdout, $result);

    if (curl_errno($ch)) {
        echo 'Error:' . curl_error($ch);
    }
    curl_close ($ch);
}
?>

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;

namespace OxyApiWeb
{
    public class Callback
    {
        public Link[] _links { get; set; }
    }

    public class Link
    {
        public string rel { get; set; }
        public string href { get; set; }
    }

    public class Startup
    {
        private const string USERNAME = "YOUR_USERNAME";
        private const string PASSWORD = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;

            client = new HttpClient();
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        private HttpClient client;

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllers();
        }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthorization();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>