# 处理 CAPTCHA 事件 ### 基于事件的方法 为了监控 CAPTCHA 求解过程，我们建议使用基于事件的方法。它允许你的脚本监听直接从扩展发送的自定义消息。 #### 工作原理 扩展向浏览器的 `window` 对象发送一条消息。你可以通过添加一个“message”事件监听器来捕获这些消息。 | | | | ----------------------------- | ------------------ | | `oxylabs-captcha-solve-start` | 已检测到 CAPTCHA，开始求解。 | | `oxylabs-captcha-solve-end` | CAPTCHA 已成功解决。 | | `oxylabs-captcha-solve-error` | 自动求解器未能绕过 CAPTCHA。 | 你可以订阅这些事件，在 CAPTCHA 成功处理之前暂停自动化，并且只在 CAPTCHA 成功处理后继续。通常，CAPTCHA 求解最多需要 30 秒，具体取决于 CAPTCHA 的类型和复杂度，但在某些情况下可能需要更长时间，因此请预留 CAPTCHA 求解完成的时间。 #### 代码示例 {% tabs %} {% tab title="Python (Playwright)" %} ```python import sys from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright # 配置 EXTENSION_NAME = 'oxylabs-runtime' CAPTCHA_SOLVE_END = 'oxylabs-captcha-solve-end' CAPTCHA_SOLVE_ERROR = 'oxylabs-captcha-solve-error' UB_BROWSER_URL = 'wss://:@ubc.oxylabs.io' CAPTCHA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_SEC = 60 TARGET_URL = 'https://www.indeed.com/cmp/Bank-of-the-West/reviews?lang=any&fcountry=ALL&sort=date' def run(): with sync_playwright() as p: print('打开浏览器页面...') # 使用 CDP 连接到远程浏览器 browser = p.chromium.connect_over_cdp(UB_BROWSER_URL) # 获取默认上下文并创建一个新页面 ctx = browser.contexts[0] page = ctx.new_page() # 这必须在导航之前完成。 ctx.add_init_script(f""" window.addEventListener("message", (event) => {{ if (event.data && event.data.source === "{EXTENSION_NAME}") {{ window.__extensionStatus = event.data.type; }} }}); """) print('打开目标网站...') page.goto(TARGET_URL, wait_until='domcontentloaded') try: # 等待扩展状态发生变化 page.wait_for_function( """ ([solveEnd, solveError]) => { const status = window.__extensionStatus; if (status === solveError) { throw new Error("CAPTCHA solving failed"); } return status === solveEnd; } """, arg=[CAPTCHA_SOLVE_END, CAPTCHA_SOLVE_ERROR], timeout=CAPTCHA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000 ) print('CAPTCHA 已成功解决，继续爬取...') except Exception as err: print(f'CAPTCHA 求解过程中出错：{err}') browser.close() sys.exit(1) page.wait_for_selector('h1[data-testid="PageHeader-title-reviews"]') page.screenshot(path='page_screenshot.jpg') page.close() browser.close() print('完成。') if __name__ == "__main__": run() ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="JavaScript (Playwright)" %} ```javascript const { chromium } = require('playwright'); const EXTENSION_NAME = 'oxylabs-runtime', CAPTCHA_SOLVE_END = 'oxylabs-captcha-solve-end', CAPTCHA_SOLVE_ERROR = 'oxylabs-captcha-solve-error', UB_BROWSER_URL = 'wss://:@ubc.oxylabs.io', CAPTCHA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_SEC = 60, TARGET_URL = 'https://www.indeed.com/cmp/Bank-of-the-West/reviews?lang=any&fcountry=ALL&sort=date'; (async () => { console.log('打开浏览器页面...'); const browser = await chromium.connectOverCDP(UB_BROWSER_URL); const ctx = browser.contexts()[0]; const page = await ctx.newPage(); // 这必须在导航之前完成。 await ctx.addInitScript((extensionName) => { window.addEventListener("message", (e) => { if (e.data?.source !== extensionName) return; window.__extensionStatus = e.data.type; }); }, EXTENSION_NAME); console.log('打开目标网站...'); await page.goto(TARGET_URL, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }); try { await page.waitForFunction( ([solveEnd, solveError]) => { const status = window.__extensionStatus; if (status === solveError) { throw new Error("CAPTCHA solving failed"); } return status === solveEnd; }, [CAPTCHA_SOLVE_END, CAPTCHA_SOLVE_ERROR], { timeout: CAPTCHA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000 } ); console.log('CAPTCHA 已成功解决，继续爬取...'); } catch (err) { console.error('CAPTCHA 求解过程中出错：', err.message); await browser.close(); process.exit(1); } await page.waitForSelector('h1[data-testid="PageHeader-title-reviews"]'); await page.screenshot({ path: 'page_screenshot.jpg' }); await page.close(); await browser.close(); console.log('完成。'); })(); ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="JavaScript (Puppeteer)" %} ```javascript const puppeteer = require('puppeteer'); const EXTENSION_NAME = 'oxylabs-runtime', CAPTCHA_SOLVE_END = 'oxylabs-captcha-solve-end', CAPTCHA_SOLVE_ERROR = 'oxylabs-captcha-solve-error', UB_BROWSER_URL = 'wss://:@ubc.oxylabs.io', CAPTCHA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_SEC = 60, TARGET_URL = 'https://www.indeed.com/cmp/Bank-of-the-West/reviews?lang=any&fcountry=ALL&sort=date'; (async () => { console.log('打开浏览器页面...'); const browser = await puppeteer.connect({ browserWSEndpoint: UB_BROWSER_URL, }); const page = await browser.newPage(); // 这必须在导航之前完成。 await page.evaluateOnNewDocument((extensionName) => { window.addEventListener("message", (e) => { if (e.data?.source !== extensionName) return; window.__extensionStatus = e.data.type; }); }, EXTENSION_NAME); console.log('打开目标网站...'); await page.goto(TARGET_URL, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' }); try { await page.waitForFunction( (solveEnd, solveError) => { const status = window.__extensionStatus; if (status === solveError) { throw new Error("CAPTCHA solving failed"); } return status === solveEnd; }, { timeout: CAPTCHA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000 }, CAPTCHA_SOLVE_END, CAPTCHA_SOLVE_ERROR ); console.log('CAPTCHA 已成功解决，继续爬取...'); } catch (err) { console.error('CAPTCHA 求解过程中出错：', err.message); await browser.close(); process.exit(1); } await page.waitForSelector('h1[data-testid="PageHeader-title-reviews"]'); await page.screenshot({ path: 'page_screenshot.jpg' }); await page.close(); await browser.disconnect(); console.log('完成。'); })(); ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://developers.oxylabs.io/products/cn/headless-browser/features/handling-captcha-events.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.