> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://developers.oxylabs.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://developers.oxylabs.io/api-targets/pt-br/search-engines/google/scholar.md).

# Scholar

O scraper do Google Scholar permite que você envie consultas de pesquisa e receba dados estruturados e parseados, incluindo artigos, livros, citações e links relacionados.

O `google_scholar` A fonte de dados foi projetada para recuperar resultados de pesquisa do Google Scholar, incluindo artigos acadêmicos, livros, citações e links relacionados.

## Exemplos de requisição

Neste exemplo, fazemos uma requisição para recuperar resultados do Google Scholar para a consulta `melhores romances`.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="cURL" %}

```shell
curl 'https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries' \\
--user 'USERNAME:PASSWORD' \\
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\
-d '{
        "source": "google_scholar",
        "query": "best novels",
        "render": "html",
        "parse": true
    }'
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Python" %}

```python
import requests
from pprint import pprint

# Structure payload.
payload = {
  "source": "google_scholar",
  "query": "best novels",
  "render": "html",
  "parse": True
}

# Get response.
response = requests.request(
    'POST',
    'https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries',
    auth=('USERNAME', 'PASSWORD'),
    json=payload,
)

# Print prettified response to stdout.
pprint(response.json())
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Node.js" %}

```javascript
const https = require("https");

const username = "USERNAME";
const password = "PASSWORD";
const body = {
    source: "google_scholar",
    query: "best novels",
    render: "html",
    parse: true,
};

const options = {
    hostname: "realtime.oxylabs.io",
    path: "/v1/queries",
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
        Authorization:
            "Basic " + Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString("base64"),
    },
};

const request = https.request(options, (response) => {
    let data = "";

    response.on("data", (chunk) => {
        data += chunk;
    });

    response.on("end", () => {
        const responseData = JSON.parse(data);
        console.log(JSON.stringify(responseData, null, 2));
    });
});

request.on("error", (error) => {
    console.error("Error:", error);
});

request.write(JSON.stringify(body));
request.end();
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="HTTP" %}

```http
https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries?source=google_scholar&query=best+novels&render=html&parse=true&access_token=12345abcde
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="PHP" %}

```php
<?php

$params = array(
    'source' => 'google_scholar',
    'query' => 'best novels',
    'render' => 'html',
    'parse' => true
);

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($params));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "USERNAME" . ":" . "PASSWORD");


$headers = array();
$headers[] = "Content-Type: application/json";
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);

$result = curl_exec($ch);
echo $result;

if (curl_errno($ch)) {
    echo 'Error:' . curl_error($ch);
}
curl_close($ch);
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Golang" %}

```go
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	const Username = "USERNAME"
	const Password = "PASSWORD"

	payload := map[string]interface{}{
		"source": "google_scholar",
		"query":  "best novels",
		"render": "html",
		"parse":  true,
	}

	jsonValue, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	client := &http.Client{}
	request, _ := http.NewRequest("POST",
		"https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries",
		bytes.NewBuffer(jsonValue),
	)

	request.SetBasicAuth(Username, Password)
	response, _ := client.Do(request)

	responseText, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(responseText))
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="C#" %}

```csharp
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OxyApi
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main()
        {
            const string Username = "USERNAME";
            const string Password = "PASSWORD";

            var parameters = new {
                source = "google_scholar",
                query = "best novels",
                render = "html",
                parse = true
            };

            var client = new HttpClient();

            Uri baseUri = new Uri("https://realtime.oxylabs.io");
            client.BaseAddress = baseUri;

            var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "/v1/queries");
            requestMessage.Content = JsonContent.Create(parameters);

            var authenticationString = $"{Username}:{Password}";
            var base64EncodedAuthenticationString = Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(authenticationString));
            requestMessage.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + base64EncodedAuthenticationString);

            var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);
            var contents = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            Console.WriteLine(contents);
        }
    }
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Java" %}

```java
package org.example;

import okhttp3.*;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";
    public static final String USERNAME = "USERNAME";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "PASSWORD";

    public void run() {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("source", "google_scholar");
        jsonObject.put("query", "best novels");
        jsonObject.put("render", "html");
        jsonObject.put("parse", true);

        Authenticator authenticator = (route, response) -> {
            String credential = Credentials.basic(USERNAME, PASSWORD);
            return response
                    .request()
                    .newBuilder()
                    .header(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, credential)
                    .build();
        };

        var client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .authenticator(authenticator)
                .readTimeout(180, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .build();

        var mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        var body = RequestBody.create(jsonObject.toString(), mediaType);
        var request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries")
                .post(body)
                .build();

        try (var response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            if (response.body() != null) {
                try (var responseBody = response.body()) {
                    System.out.println(responseBody.string());
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + exception.getMessage());
        }

        System.exit(0);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Main()).start();
    }
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JSON" %}

```json
{
    "source": "google_scholar",
    "query": "best novels",
    "render": "html",
    "parse": true
}
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

Usamos o método de integração síncrona [**Realtime**](/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/realtime.md) método de integração em nossos exemplos. Se você quiser usar [**Proxy Endpoint**](/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/proxy-endpoint.md) ou integração assíncrona [**Push-Pull**](/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/push-pull.md) de integração, consulte a [**métodos de integração**](/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/integration-methods.md) seção.

### Parâmetros da requisição

<table><thead><tr><th width="157.5">Parâmetro</th><th width="452">Descrição</th><th>Valor padrão</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><mark style="background-color:green;"><strong><code>source</code></strong></mark></td><td>Define o scraper. Use <code>google_scholar</code>.</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><mark style="background-color:green;"><strong><code>query</code></strong></mark></td><td>Termo de busca da requisição.</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><mark style="background-color:green;"><strong><code>render</code></strong></mark></td><td>Ativa a renderização de JavaScript quando definido como <code>html</code>. <a href="/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/features/js-rendering-and-browser-control.md#javascript-rendering"><strong>Mais informações</strong></a><strong>.</strong></td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><code>parse</code></td><td>Retorna os dados analisados quando definido como <code>true</code>. Veja mais em <a href="#output-dictionary"><strong>dicionário de saída</strong></a>.</td><td><code>false</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>callback_url</code></td><td>URL para seu endpoint de callback. <a href="/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/push-pull.md"><strong>Mais informações</strong></a><strong>.</strong></td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><code>user_agent_type</code></td><td>Tipo de dispositivo e navegador. A lista completa pode ser encontrada <a href="/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/features/http-context-and-job-management/user-agent-type.md"><strong>aqui</strong></a>.</td><td><code>desktop</code></td></tr></tbody></table>

– parâmetro obrigatório

## Dados estruturados

Web Scraper API pode extrair resultados em HTML ou uma resposta JSON que contém dados estruturados em vários elementos da página de resultados.

<details>

<summary>Saída estruturada de google_scholar</summary>

```json
{
    "results": [
        {
            "content": {
                "organic": [
                    {
                        "description": "… and exciting as any other for the novel. The mass market paperback came into … book. Its purpose is to celebrate the writers we have loved best, and to proselytize on behalf of their novels…",
                        "inline_links": {
                            "cite_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:Av0ZOt0npBEJ:scholar.google.com/&output=cite&scirp=0&hl=en",
                            "cited_by": {
                                "cites_id": "1271184825941359874",
                                "total": 15,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=1271184825941359874&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en"
                            },
                            "related_pages_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:Av0ZOt0npBEJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                            "versions": {
                                "cluster_id": "1271184825941359874",
                                "total": 5,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=1271184825941359874&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                            }
                        },
                        "pos": 1,
                        "publication_info": {
                            "summary": "C Callil, C Tóibín - 2011 - books.google.com"
                        },
                        "result_id": "Av0ZOt0npBEJ",
                        "result_type": "book",
                        "title": "The Modern Library: The 200 Best Novels in English Since 1950",
                        "url": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EwlNDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1903&dq=best+novels&ots=Uiru4xYAcj&sig=exuKH7sr8Y4rAx7cvn15h8lA39Y"
                    },
                    {
                        "description": "… Predicting success of novels and movies: To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first that provides quantitative insights into the unstudied connection between the writing style …",
                        "inline_links": {
                            "cite_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:r_g8gsmjLJgJ:scholar.google.com/&output=cite&scirp=4&hl=en",
                            "cited_by": {
                                "cites_id": "10965319278609103023",
                                "total": 182,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=10965319278609103023&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en"
                            },
                            "related_pages_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:r_g8gsmjLJgJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                            "versions": {
                                "cluster_id": "10965319278609103023",
                                "total": 10,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=10965319278609103023&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                            }
                        },
                        "pos": 5,
                        "publication_info": {
                            "authors": [
                                {
                                    "author_id": "Of8dNP0AAAAJ",
                                    "name": "VG Ashok",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Of8dNP0AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                },
                                {
                                    "author_id": "aWmHP7IAAAAJ",
                                    "name": "S Feng",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aWmHP7IAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                },
                                {
                                    "author_id": "vhP-tlcAAAAJ",
                                    "name": "Y Choi",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vhP-tlcAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                }
                            ],
                            "summary": "VG Ashok, S Feng, Y Choi - … of the 2013 conference on empirical …, 2013 - aclanthology.org"
                        },
                        "resources": [
                            {
                                "file_format": "PDF",
                                "title": "aclanthology.org",
                                "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D13-1181.pdf"
                            }
                        ],
                        "result_id": "r_g8gsmjLJgJ",
                        "result_type": "pdf",
                        "title": "Success with style: Using writing style to predict the success of novels",
                        "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D13-1181.pdf"
                    }
                    // ... up to 8 more organic results
                ],
                "pagination": {
                    "current_page": 1,
                    "next_page": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                    "other_pages": {
                        "2": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                        "3": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=20&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                        // ... more page links
                    }
                },
                "parse_status_code": 12000,
                "related_searches": [
                    {
                        "query": "best novels modern library",
                        "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=1&q=best+novels+modern+library&qst=ib"
                    },
                    {
                        "query": "best novels short stories",
                        "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=2&q=best+novels+short+stories&qst=ib"
                    }
                    // ... more related searches
                ],
                "search_information": {
                    "query_displayed": "best novels",
                    "time_taken_displayed": 0.15,
                    "total_results_count": 3580000
                }
            },
            "created_at": "2026-07-18 14:00:27",
            "job_id": "7484245708602621953",
            "page": 1,
            "status_code": 200,
            "updated_at": "2026-07-18 14:00:40",
            "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=best+novels&hl=en&gl=us"
        }
    ]
}
```

</details>

### Dicionário de saída

A tabela abaixo apresenta uma lista detalhada de cada elemento de nível superior que analisamos, junto com sua descrição e tipo de dado.

{% hint style="info" %}
O número de resultados orgânicos e certos campos pode variar dependendo da consulta de pesquisa e do tipo de resultado.
{% endhint %}

<table><thead><tr><th width="189.5">Chave</th><th width="459.5">Descrição</th><th width="95">Tipo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>url</code></td><td>URL da página de resultados de pesquisa do Google Scholar.</td><td>string</td></tr><tr><td><code>page</code></td><td>Número da página atual dos resultados de pesquisa.</td><td>integer</td></tr><tr><td><code>parse_status_code</code></td><td>O código de status do trabalho de análise. Saiba mais <a href="/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/response-codes.md#parsers"><strong>aqui</strong></a>.</td><td>integer</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic</code></td><td>Lista de resultados orgânicos. Inclui <code>pos</code>, <code>title</code>, <code>url</code>, <code>description</code>, <code>id_do_resultado</code>, <code>tipo_do_resultado</code>, <code>informações_da_publicação</code>, <code>links_embutidos</code>, <code>recursos</code>.</td><td>array</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.tipo_do_resultado</code></td><td>Identifica o formato do resultado (<code>livro</code>, <code>PDF</code>, etc.). Omitido quando o resultado é um artigo padrão.</td><td>string</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.informações_da_publicação</code></td><td>Resumo da publicação. Inclui <code>resumo</code> (autores, ano, editora/fonte como uma única string) e, quando disponível, uma estrutura <code>autores</code> lista com <code>id_do_autor</code>, <code>nome</code>, e perfil <code>url</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.links_embutidos</code></td><td>Metadados acadêmicos anexados ao resultado. Inclui <code>url_de_citação</code>, <code>citado_por</code>, <code>url_de_páginas_relacionadas</code>, <code>versões</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.links_embutidos.citado_por</code></td><td>Dados de citação do resultado. Inclui <code>id_de_citação</code>, <code>total</code> (contagem total de citações), e <code>url</code> (link para trabalhos que citam).</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.links_embutidos.url_de_páginas_relacionadas</code></td><td>URL para encontrar artigos relacionados ao resultado.</td><td>string</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.links_embutidos.versões</code></td><td>Versões/links alternativos para o mesmo documento. Inclui <code>id_do_cluster</code>, <code>total</code>, e <code>url</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.recursos</code></td><td>Links diretos de download para mídias acessíveis, por exemplo, PDFs. Inclui <code>formato_do_arquivo</code>, <code>title</code>, <code>url</code>.</td><td>array</td></tr><tr><td><code>paginação</code></td><td>Detalhes sobre as páginas de resultados atuais e disponíveis. Inclui <code>página_atual</code>, <code>próxima_página</code>, <code>outras_páginas</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>pesquisas_relacionadas</code></td><td>Strings de pesquisa relacionadas sugeridas pelo Google. Inclui <code>query</code> e <code>url</code> para cada sugestão.</td><td>array</td></tr><tr><td><code>informações_da_pesquisa</code></td><td>Detalhes gerais sobre a pesquisa. Inclui <code>consulta_exibida</code>, <code>tempo_gasto_exibido</code>, <code>contagem_total_de_resultados</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>criado_em</code></td><td>Carimbo de data/hora em que o trabalho de scraping foi criado.</td><td>carimbo_de_data_hora</td></tr><tr><td><code>atualizado_em</code></td><td>Carimbo de data/hora em que o trabalho de scraping foi concluído.</td><td>carimbo_de_data_hora</td></tr><tr><td><code>id_do_trabalho</code></td><td>ID do trabalho associado ao trabalho de scraping.</td><td>string</td></tr><tr><td><code>código_de_status</code></td><td>Código de status do trabalho de scraping. Saiba mais <a href="/products/pt-br/web-scraper-api/response-codes.md"><strong>aqui</strong></a>.</td><td>integer</td></tr></tbody></table>


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter:

```
GET https://developers.oxylabs.io/api-targets/pt-br/search-engines/google/scholar.md?ask=<question>&goal=<endgoal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal.

The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.