> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://developers.oxylabs.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://developers.oxylabs.io/api-targets/es/search-engines/google/scholar.md).

# Scholar

El scraper de Google Scholar te permite enviar consultas de búsqueda y recibir datos estructurados y analizados, incluidos artículos, libros, citas y enlaces relacionados.

La `google_scholar` La fuente de datos está diseñada para recuperar resultados de búsqueda de Google Scholar, incluidos artículos académicos, libros, citas y enlaces relacionados.

## Ejemplos de solicitudes

En este ejemplo, hacemos una solicitud para recuperar resultados de Google Scholar para la consulta `best novels`.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="cURL" %}

```shell
curl 'https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries' \\
--user 'USERNAME:PASSWORD' \\
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\
-d '{
        "source": "google_scholar",
        "query": "best novels",
        "render": "html",
        "parse": true
    }'
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Python" %}

```python
import requests
from pprint import pprint

# Structure payload.
payload = {
  "source": "google_scholar",
  "query": "best novels",
  "render": "html",
  "parse": True
}

# Get response.
response = requests.request(
    'POST',
    'https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries',
    auth=('USERNAME', 'PASSWORD'),
    json=payload,
)

# Print prettified response to stdout.
pprint(response.json())
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Node.js" %}

```javascript
const https = require("https");

const username = "USERNAME";
const password = "PASSWORD";
const body = {
    source: "google_scholar",
    query: "best novels",
    render: "html",
    parse: true,
};

const options = {
    hostname: "realtime.oxylabs.io",
    path: "/v1/queries",
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
        Authorization:
            "Basic " + Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString("base64"),
    },
};

const request = https.request(options, (response) => {
    let data = "";

    response.on("data", (chunk) => {
        data += chunk;
    });

    response.on("end", () => {
        const responseData = JSON.parse(data);
        console.log(JSON.stringify(responseData, null, 2));
    });
});

request.on("error", (error) => {
    console.error("Error:", error);
});

request.write(JSON.stringify(body));
request.end();
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="HTTP" %}

```http
https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries?source=google_scholar&query=best+novels&render=html&parse=true&access_token=12345abcde
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="PHP" %}

```php
<?php

$params = array(
    'source' => 'google_scholar',
    'query' => 'best novels',
    'render' => 'html',
    'parse' => true
);

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($params));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "USERNAME" . ":" . "PASSWORD");


$headers = array();
$headers[] = "Content-Type: application/json";
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);

$result = curl_exec($ch);
echo $result;

if (curl_errno($ch)) {
    echo 'Error:' . curl_error($ch);
}
curl_close($ch);
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Golang" %}

```go
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	const Username = "USERNAME"
	const Password = "PASSWORD"

	payload := map[string]interface{}{
		"source": "google_scholar",
		"query":  "best novels",
		"render": "html",
		"parse":  true,
	}

	jsonValue, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	client := &http.Client{}
	request, _ := http.NewRequest("POST",
		"https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries",
		bytes.NewBuffer(jsonValue),
	)

	request.SetBasicAuth(Username, Password)
	response, _ := client.Do(request)

	responseText, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(responseText))
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="C#" %}

```csharp
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OxyApi
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main()
        {
            const string Username = "USERNAME";
            const string Password = "PASSWORD";

            var parameters = new {
                source = "google_scholar",
                query = "best novels",
                render = "html",
                parse = true
            };

            var client = new HttpClient();

            Uri baseUri = new Uri("https://realtime.oxylabs.io");
            client.BaseAddress = baseUri;

            var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "/v1/queries");
            requestMessage.Content = JsonContent.Create(parameters);

            var authenticationString = $"{Username}:{Password}";
            var base64EncodedAuthenticationString = Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(authenticationString));
            requestMessage.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + base64EncodedAuthenticationString);

            var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);
            var contents = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            Console.WriteLine(contents);
        }
    }
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Java" %}

```java
package org.example;

import okhttp3.*;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";
    public static final String USERNAME = "USERNAME";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "PASSWORD";

    public void run() {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("source", "google_scholar");
        jsonObject.put("query", "best novels");
        jsonObject.put("render", "html");
        jsonObject.put("parse", true);

        Authenticator authenticator = (route, response) -> {
            String credential = Credentials.basic(USERNAME, PASSWORD);
            return response
                    .request()
                    .newBuilder()
                    .header(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, credential)
                    .build();
        };

        var client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .authenticator(authenticator)
                .readTimeout(180, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .build();

        var mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        var body = RequestBody.create(jsonObject.toString(), mediaType);
        var request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries")
                .post(body)
                .build();

        try (var response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            if (response.body() != null) {
                try (var responseBody = response.body()) {
                    System.out.println(responseBody.string());
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + exception.getMessage());
        }

        System.exit(0);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Main()).start();
    }
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JSON" %}

```json
{
    "source": "google_scholar",
    "query": "best novels",
    "render": "html",
    "parse": true
}
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

Usamos el método de integración síncrona [**Realtime**](/products/es/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/realtime.md) en nuestros ejemplos. Si deseas usar [**Proxy Endpoint**](/products/es/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/proxy-endpoint.md) o una integración asíncrona [**Push-Pull**](/products/es/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/push-pull.md) , consulta la [**sección de métodos de integración**](/products/es/web-scraper-api/integration-methods.md) .

### Parámetros de la solicitud

<table><thead><tr><th width="157.5">Parámetro</th><th width="452">Descripción</th><th>Valor predeterminado</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><mark style="background-color:green;"><strong><code>source</code></strong></mark></td><td>Establece el scraper. Usa <code>google_scholar</code>.</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><mark style="background-color:green;"><strong><code>query</code></strong></mark></td><td>Término de búsqueda para la solicitud.</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><mark style="background-color:green;"><strong><code>render</code></strong></mark></td><td>Habilita el renderizado de JavaScript cuando se establece en <code>html</code>. <a href="/products/es/web-scraper-api/features/js-rendering-and-browser-control.md#javascript-rendering"><strong>Más información</strong></a><strong>.</strong></td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><code>parse</code></td><td>Devuelve datos analizados cuando se establece en <code>true</code>. Consulta más en <a href="#output-dictionary"><strong>diccionario de salida</strong></a>.</td><td><code>false</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>callback_url</code></td><td>URL para tu endpoint de callback. <a href="/products/es/web-scraper-api/integration-methods/push-pull.md"><strong>Más información</strong></a><strong>.</strong></td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td><code>user_agent_type</code></td><td>Tipo de dispositivo y navegador. La lista completa se puede encontrar <a href="/products/es/web-scraper-api/features/http-context-and-job-management/user-agent-type.md"><strong>aquí</strong></a>.</td><td><code>desktop</code></td></tr></tbody></table>

– parámetro obligatorio

## Datos estructurados

Web Scraper API puede extraer resultados HTML o una respuesta JSON que contiene datos estructurados de varios elementos de la página de resultados.

<details>

<summary>Salida estructurada de google_scholar</summary>

```json
{
    "results": [
        {
            "content": {
                "organic": [
                    {
                        "description": "… and exciting as any other for the novel. The mass market paperback came into … book. Its purpose is to celebrate the writers we have loved best, and to proselytize on behalf of their novels…",
                        "inline_links": {
                            "cite_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:Av0ZOt0npBEJ:scholar.google.com/&output=cite&scirp=0&hl=en",
                            "cited_by": {
                                "cites_id": "1271184825941359874",
                                "total": 15,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=1271184825941359874&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en"
                            },
                            "related_pages_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:Av0ZOt0npBEJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                            "versions": {
                                "cluster_id": "1271184825941359874",
                                "total": 5,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=1271184825941359874&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                            }
                        },
                        "pos": 1,
                        "publication_info": {
                            "summary": "C Callil, C Tóibín - 2011 - books.google.com"
                        },
                        "result_id": "Av0ZOt0npBEJ",
                        "result_type": "book",
                        "title": "The Modern Library: The 200 Best Novels in English Since 1950",
                        "url": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EwlNDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1903&dq=best+novels&ots=Uiru4xYAcj&sig=exuKH7sr8Y4rAx7cvn15h8lA39Y"
                    },
                    {
                        "description": "… Predicting success of novels and movies: To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first that provides quantitative insights into the unstudied connection between the writing style …",
                        "inline_links": {
                            "cite_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:r_g8gsmjLJgJ:scholar.google.com/&output=cite&scirp=4&hl=en",
                            "cited_by": {
                                "cites_id": "10965319278609103023",
                                "total": 182,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=10965319278609103023&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en"
                            },
                            "related_pages_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:r_g8gsmjLJgJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                            "versions": {
                                "cluster_id": "10965319278609103023",
                                "total": 10,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=10965319278609103023&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                            }
                        },
                        "pos": 5,
                        "publication_info": {
                            "authors": [
                                {
                                    "author_id": "Of8dNP0AAAAJ",
                                    "name": "VG Ashok",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Of8dNP0AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                },
                                {
                                    "author_id": "aWmHP7IAAAAJ",
                                    "name": "S Feng",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aWmHP7IAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                },
                                {
                                    "author_id": "vhP-tlcAAAAJ",
                                    "name": "Y Choi",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vhP-tlcAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                }
                            ],
                            "summary": "VG Ashok, S Feng, Y Choi - … of the 2013 conference on empirical …, 2013 - aclanthology.org"
                        },
                        "resources": [
                            {
                                "file_format": "PDF",
                                "title": "aclanthology.org",
                                "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D13-1181.pdf"
                            }
                        ],
                        "result_id": "r_g8gsmjLJgJ",
                        "result_type": "pdf",
                        "title": "Success with style: Using writing style to predict the success of novels",
                        "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D13-1181.pdf"
                    }
                    // ... up to 8 more organic results
                ],
                "pagination": {
                    "current_page": 1,
                    "next_page": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                    "other_pages": {
                        "2": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                        "3": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=20&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                        // ... more page links
                    }
                },
                "parse_status_code": 12000,
                "related_searches": [
                    {
                        "query": "best novels modern library",
                        "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=1&q=best+novels+modern+library&qst=ib"
                    },
                    {
                        "query": "best novels short stories",
                        "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=2&q=best+novels+short+stories&qst=ib"
                    }
                    // ... more related searches
                ],
                "search_information": {
                    "query_displayed": "best novels",
                    "time_taken_displayed": 0.15,
                    "total_results_count": 3580000
                }
            },
            "created_at": "2026-07-18 14:00:27",
            "job_id": "7484245708602621953",
            "page": 1,
            "status_code": 200,
            "updated_at": "2026-07-18 14:00:40",
            "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=best+novels&hl=en&gl=us"
        }
    ]
}
```

</details>

### Diccionario de salida

La tabla siguiente presenta una lista detallada de cada elemento de nivel superior que analizamos, junto con su descripción y tipo de datos.

{% hint style="info" %}
El número de resultados orgánicos y ciertos campos pueden variar según la consulta de búsqueda y el tipo de resultado.
{% endhint %}

<table><thead><tr><th width="189.5">Clave</th><th width="459.5">Descripción</th><th width="95">Tipo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>url</code></td><td>URL de la página de resultados de búsqueda de Google Scholar.</td><td>cadena</td></tr><tr><td><code>page</code></td><td>Número de página actual de los resultados de búsqueda.</td><td>entero</td></tr><tr><td><code>parse_status_code</code></td><td>El código de estado del trabajo de análisis. Más información <a href="/products/es/web-scraper-api/response-codes.md#parsers"><strong>aquí</strong></a>.</td><td>entero</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic</code></td><td>Lista de resultados orgánicos de búsqueda. Incluye <code>pos</code>, <code>title</code>, <code>url</code>, <code>description</code>, <code>id_de_resultado</code>, <code>tipo_de_resultado</code>, <code>información_de_publicación</code>, <code>enlaces_en_línea</code>, <code>recursos</code>.</td><td>arreglo</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.tipo_de_resultado</code></td><td>Identifica el formato del resultado (<code>libro</code>, <code>PDF</code>, etc.). Se omite cuando el resultado es un artículo estándar.</td><td>cadena</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.información_de_publicación</code></td><td>Resumen de la publicación. Incluye <code>resumen</code> (autores, año, editor/fuente como una sola cadena) y, cuando esté disponible, una lista estructurada de <code>autores</code> con <code>id_de_autor</code>, <code>nombre</code>, y perfil <code>url</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.enlaces_en_línea</code></td><td>Metadatos académicos adjuntos al resultado. Incluye <code>URL_de_cita</code>, <code>citado_por</code>, <code>URL_de_páginas_relacionadas</code>, <code>versiones</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.enlaces_en_línea.citado_por</code></td><td>Datos de citas del resultado. Incluye <code>id_de_citas</code>, <code>total</code> (conteo total de citas), y <code>url</code> (enlace a las obras que citan).</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.enlaces_en_línea.URL_de_páginas_relacionadas</code></td><td>URL para encontrar artículos relacionados con el resultado.</td><td>cadena</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.enlaces_en_línea.versiones</code></td><td>Versiones/enlaces alternativos para el mismo documento. Incluye <code>id_de_clúster</code>, <code>total</code>, y <code>url</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>organic.recursos</code></td><td>Enlaces de descarga directa para medios accesibles, p. ej. PDFs. Incluye <code>formato_de_archivo</code>, <code>title</code>, <code>url</code>.</td><td>arreglo</td></tr><tr><td><code>paginación</code></td><td>Detalles sobre las páginas de resultados actuales y disponibles. Incluye <code>página_actual</code>, <code>página_siguiente</code>, <code>otras_páginas</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>búsquedas_relacionadas</code></td><td>Cadenas de búsqueda relacionadas sugeridas por Google. Incluye <code>query</code> y <code>url</code> para cada sugerencia.</td><td>arreglo</td></tr><tr><td><code>información_de_búsqueda</code></td><td>Detalles generales sobre la búsqueda. Incluye <code>consulta_mostrada</code>, <code>tiempo_transcurrido_mostrado</code>, <code>recuento_total_de_resultados</code>.</td><td>objeto</td></tr><tr><td><code>creado_en</code></td><td>Marca de tiempo en que se creó el trabajo de scraping.</td><td>marca_de_tiempo</td></tr><tr><td><code>actualizado_en</code></td><td>Marca de tiempo en que se terminó el trabajo de scraping.</td><td>marca_de_tiempo</td></tr><tr><td><code>id_del_trabajo</code></td><td>ID del trabajo asociado con el trabajo de scraping.</td><td>cadena</td></tr><tr><td><code>código_de_estado</code></td><td>Código de estado del trabajo de scraping. Más información <a href="/products/es/web-scraper-api/response-codes.md"><strong>aquí</strong></a>.</td><td>entero</td></tr></tbody></table>


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter:

```
GET https://developers.oxylabs.io/api-targets/es/search-engines/google/scholar.md?ask=<question>&goal=<endgoal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal.

The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.