学术搜索

Google Scholar 爬虫允许您提交搜索查询，并接收包含文章、书籍、引用和相关链接的结构化解析数据。

该 google_scholar 该数据源用于检索 Google Scholar 搜索结果，包括学术论文、书籍、引用和相关链接。

请求示例

在此示例中，我们发起请求以检索以下查询的 Google Scholar 结果： best novels.

curl 'https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries' \\
--user 'USERNAME:PASSWORD' \\
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\
-d '{
        "source": "google_scholar",
        "query": "best novels",
        "render": "html",
        "parse": true
    }'

import requests
from pprint import pprint

# Structure payload.
payload = {
  "source": "google_scholar",
  "query": "best novels",
  "render": "html",
  "parse": True
}

# Get response.
response = requests.request(
    'POST',
    'https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries',
    auth=('USERNAME', 'PASSWORD'),
    json=payload,
)

# Print prettified response to stdout.
pprint(response.json())

const https = require("https");

const username = "USERNAME";
const password = "PASSWORD";
const body = {
    source: "google_scholar",
    query: "best novels",
    render: "html",
    parse: true,
};

const options = {
    hostname: "realtime.oxylabs.io",
    path: "/v1/queries",
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
        Authorization:
            "Basic " + Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString("base64"),
    },
};

const request = https.request(options, (response) => {
    let data = "";

    response.on("data", (chunk) => {
        data += chunk;
    });

    response.on("end", () => {
        const responseData = JSON.parse(data);
        console.log(JSON.stringify(responseData, null, 2));
    });
});

request.on("error", (error) => {
    console.error("Error:", error);
});

request.write(JSON.stringify(body));
request.end();

https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries?source=google_scholar&query=best+novels&render=html&parse=true&access_token=12345abcde

<?php

$params = array(
    'source' => 'google_scholar',
    'query' => 'best novels',
    'render' => 'html',
    'parse' => true
);

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($params));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "USERNAME" . ":" . "PASSWORD");


$headers = array();
$headers[] = "Content-Type: application/json";
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);

$result = curl_exec($ch);
echo $result;

if (curl_errno($ch)) {
    echo 'Error:' . curl_error($ch);
}
curl_close($ch);

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	const Username = "USERNAME"
	const Password = "PASSWORD"

	payload := map[string]interface{}{
		"source": "google_scholar",
		"query":  "best novels",
		"render": "html",
		"parse":  true,
	}

	jsonValue, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	client := &http.Client{}
	request, _ := http.NewRequest("POST",
		"https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries",
		bytes.NewBuffer(jsonValue),
	)

	request.SetBasicAuth(Username, Password)
	response, _ := client.Do(request)

	responseText, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(responseText))
}

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OxyApi
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main()
        {
            const string Username = "USERNAME";
            const string Password = "PASSWORD";

            var parameters = new {
                source = "google_scholar",
                query = "best novels",
                render = "html",
                parse = true
            };

            var client = new HttpClient();

            Uri baseUri = new Uri("https://realtime.oxylabs.io");
            client.BaseAddress = baseUri;

            var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "/v1/queries");
            requestMessage.Content = JsonContent.Create(parameters);

            var authenticationString = $"{Username}:{Password}";
            var base64EncodedAuthenticationString = Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(authenticationString));
            requestMessage.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + base64EncodedAuthenticationString);

            var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);
            var contents = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            Console.WriteLine(contents);
        }
    }
}

package org.example;

import okhttp3.*;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";
    public static final String USERNAME = "USERNAME";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "PASSWORD";

    public void run() {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("source", "google_scholar");
        jsonObject.put("query", "best novels");
        jsonObject.put("render", "html");
        jsonObject.put("parse", true);

        Authenticator authenticator = (route, response) -> {
            String credential = Credentials.basic(USERNAME, PASSWORD);
            return response
                    .request()
                    .newBuilder()
                    .header(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, credential)
                    .build();
        };

        var client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .authenticator(authenticator)
                .readTimeout(180, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .build();

        var mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        var body = RequestBody.create(jsonObject.toString(), mediaType);
        var request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://realtime.oxylabs.io/v1/queries")
                .post(body)
                .build();

        try (var response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            if (response.body() != null) {
                try (var responseBody = response.body()) {
                    System.out.println(responseBody.string());
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + exception.getMessage());
        }

        System.exit(0);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Main()).start();
    }
}

{
    "source": "google_scholar",
    "query": "best novels",
    "render": "html",
    "parse": true
}

我们使用同步 Realtime 集成方法示例。如果你想使用 Proxy Endpoint 或异步 Push-Pull 集成，请参阅 集成方法 部分。

请求参数

参数

描述

默认值

source

设置抓取器。使用 google_scholar.

–

query

请求的搜索词。

–

render

设置为以下值时启用 JavaScript 渲染： html. 更多信息.

–

parse

设置为以下值时返回解析后的数据： true。更多内容见 输出字典.

false

callback_url

回调端点的 URL。 更多信息.

–

user_agent_type

设备类型和浏览器。完整列表可在此处.

desktop

— 必填参数

结构化数据

网页爬虫API 可以提取结果的 HTML 或 JSON 响应，其中包含结果页上各元素的结构化数据。

结构化 google_scholar 输出

{
    "results": [
        {
            "content": {
                "organic": [
                    {
                        "description": "… and exciting as any other for the novel. The mass market paperback came into … book. Its purpose is to celebrate the writers we have loved best, and to proselytize on behalf of their novels…",
                        "inline_links": {
                            "cite_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:Av0ZOt0npBEJ:scholar.google.com/&output=cite&scirp=0&hl=en",
                            "cited_by": {
                                "cites_id": "1271184825941359874",
                                "total": 15,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=1271184825941359874&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en"
                            },
                            "related_pages_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:Av0ZOt0npBEJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                            "versions": {
                                "cluster_id": "1271184825941359874",
                                "total": 5,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=1271184825941359874&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                            }
                        },
                        "pos": 1,
                        "publication_info": {
                            "summary": "C Callil, C Tóibín - 2011 - books.google.com"
                        },
                        "result_id": "Av0ZOt0npBEJ",
                        "result_type": "book",
                        "title": "The Modern Library: The 200 Best Novels in English Since 1950",
                        "url": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EwlNDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1903&dq=best+novels&ots=Uiru4xYAcj&sig=exuKH7sr8Y4rAx7cvn15h8lA39Y"
                    },
                    {
                        "description": "… Predicting success of novels and movies: To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first that provides quantitative insights into the unstudied connection between the writing style …",
                        "inline_links": {
                            "cite_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:r_g8gsmjLJgJ:scholar.google.com/&output=cite&scirp=4&hl=en",
                            "cited_by": {
                                "cites_id": "10965319278609103023",
                                "total": 182,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=10965319278609103023&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en"
                            },
                            "related_pages_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:r_g8gsmjLJgJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                            "versions": {
                                "cluster_id": "10965319278609103023",
                                "total": 10,
                                "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=10965319278609103023&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                            }
                        },
                        "pos": 5,
                        "publication_info": {
                            "authors": [
                                {
                                    "author_id": "Of8dNP0AAAAJ",
                                    "name": "VG Ashok",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Of8dNP0AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                },
                                {
                                    "author_id": "aWmHP7IAAAAJ",
                                    "name": "S Feng",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aWmHP7IAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                },
                                {
                                    "author_id": "vhP-tlcAAAAJ",
                                    "name": "Y Choi",
                                    "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vhP-tlcAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra"
                                }
                            ],
                            "summary": "VG Ashok, S Feng, Y Choi - … of the 2013 conference on empirical …, 2013 - aclanthology.org"
                        },
                        "resources": [
                            {
                                "file_format": "PDF",
                                "title": "aclanthology.org",
                                "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D13-1181.pdf"
                            }
                        ],
                        "result_id": "r_g8gsmjLJgJ",
                        "result_type": "pdf",
                        "title": "Success with style: Using writing style to predict the success of novels",
                        "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D13-1181.pdf"
                    }
                    // ... up to 8 more organic results
                ],
                "pagination": {
                    "current_page": 1,
                    "next_page": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                    "other_pages": {
                        "2": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
                        "3": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=20&q=best+novels&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
                        // ... more page links
                    }
                },
                "parse_status_code": 12000,
                "related_searches": [
                    {
                        "query": "best novels modern library",
                        "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=1&q=best+novels+modern+library&qst=ib"
                    },
                    {
                        "query": "best novels short stories",
                        "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=2&q=best+novels+short+stories&qst=ib"
                    }
                    // ... more related searches
                ],
                "search_information": {
                    "query_displayed": "best novels",
                    "time_taken_displayed": 0.15,
                    "total_results_count": 3580000
                }
            },
            "created_at": "2026-07-18 14:00:27",
            "job_id": "7484245708602621953",
            "page": 1,
            "status_code": 200,
            "updated_at": "2026-07-18 14:00:40",
            "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=best+novels&hl=en&gl=us"
        }
    ]
}

输出字典

下表列出了我们解析的每个顶级元素，以及其描述和数据类型。

自然搜索结果的数量以及某些字段可能会因搜索查询和结果类型而异。

键

描述

类型

url

Google Scholar 搜索结果页的 URL。

字符串

page

搜索结果的当前页码。

整数

parse_status_code

解析任务的状态码。了解更多此处.

整数

organic

自然搜索结果列表。包括 pos, title, url, description, 结果ID, 结果类型, 出版信息, 内联链接, 资源.

数组

organic.结果类型

标识结果的格式（书籍, PDF等）。当结果是标准文章时省略。

字符串

organic.出版信息

出版物摘要。包括 摘要 （作者、年份、出版方/来源，作为单个字符串）以及在可用时，一个结构化的 作者 列表，包含 作者ID, 名称，以及个人资料 url.

对象

organic.内联链接

附加到结果的学术元数据。包括 引用URL, 被引用, 相关页面URL, 版本.

对象

organic.inline_links.cited_by

结果的引用数据。包括 引用ID, 总计 （总引用次数），以及 url （指向引用作品的链接）。

对象

organic.inline_links.related_pages_url

用于查找与结果相关论文的URL。

字符串

organic.inline_links.versions

同一文档的其他版本/链接。包括 集群ID, 总计，以及 url.

对象

organic.resources

可访问媒体的直接下载链接，例如PDF。包括 文件格式, title, url.

数组

分页

当前和可用结果页的详细信息。包括 当前页, 下一页, 其他页面.

对象

相关搜索

Google建议的相关搜索词。包括 query 和 url 适用于每个建议。

数组

搜索信息

关于搜索的常规详情。包括 显示的查询, 显示的耗时, 结果总数.

对象

创建时间

抓取任务创建时的时间戳。

时间戳

更新时间

抓取任务完成时的时间戳。

时间戳

任务ID

与抓取任务关联的作业ID。

字符串

状态码

抓取任务的状态码。了解更多此处.

整数

最后更新于 22天前

这有帮助吗？